Millions of people from all over the world travel to germany, poland, cambodia, and even the united states to see and attempt to connect with genocide and tragedy through museums, memorials, and ot. Stone considers the roman colosseum to be one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. The travel and tourism topics can cover subjects like dark tourism, ecotourism, domestic tourism, and inbound and outbound tourism. Dark tourism is an important aspect of tourism, as it can be found in most locations. Additionally, this study confirms that cognitive experience is more influenced by dark tourism motivations than affective experience. Visiting a dark attraction can cause not only strong emotions but also broader discussion and contemplation about the dark side of history and humanity.
Dark tourism, as its been dubbed, is on the increase, as people around the world fight to ensure the sins of the past are not forgotten. Many dark tourism attractions are aimed at educating people about the past, such as the reasons behind unfortunate events or how victims. Theorists have both noticed and attempted to understand the phenomenon dark tourism. This particular study is but one example in a vast arena. After the entire city was evacuated in a matter of hours, their. Due to the fear and natural attraction to uncover mystery of death human beings always have, some tourists prefer to visit the destinations such as battlefields, places of violent homicides, or any places where large number of people lost their lives naturally or.
By providing such insight this paper contributes to a greater understanding of dark tourism. Tourists motivations for engaging in dark tourism modul. Undoubtedly, theres a fine line between respectful pilgrimage and voyeurism. Dark tourism dark tourism is the oldest form of tourism developed recently. Dark tourism essentially visiting sites with a dark past, be that genocide, murder or nuclear disaster is more important than ever in a particularly divisive political climate, according. Therefore, by asking visitors to the museum what motivated them to the site, the results will hopefully give some acumen into the wants and needs of certain stakeholders.
Dark tourism scholarship would benefit from more work that seeks novel constructs, insights and new theory about tourism motivations that generalize beyond subcultural context and specific heritagerelated factors. One simply has to watch traffic slow to a crawl when passing a car accident to understand this. Theres enough connection to modernity to justify including it. Authors who would like to contribute to current issues in dark tourism research are invited to submit applied or conceptual research articles or notes in the broad subject of dark tourism by emailing us. This produced an extensive critique of the concepts themselves particularly dark tourism. But lets go for someone who sounds quite authoritative. There are numerous types of dark tourism and the visitors tourism motives are all different. I am currently writing an article on dark tourism and ecocide.
Exploring dark tourism motivation at marilyn monroes grave. Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions deaths, disasters and atrocities in touristic form are becoming an increasingly pervasive feature within the contemporary. A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of. Nevertheless, perspectives on and understanding of dark tourism remain varied and theoretically fragile while, to date, no single book has attempted to draw together the conceptual themes and debates surrounding dark tourism, to explore it within wider. Dark tourism is a growing phenomenon, and it has been growing in the late twentieth and early twentyfirst century ibid. Dark tourism is a type of niche tourism in which tourists specifically target destinations or exhibitions highlighting death, morbid suffering or atrocities. Highlights dark tourism can be motivated by processes related to simulation and the emotional contagion. The definition of dark tourism is being presented at the. Motivation factors in dark tourism essay 282 words. But philip stone, cofounder of the institute for dark tourism research, thinks it can be all too easy to criticize people visiting such sites. In 2011, the ukrainian government granted tourist access to a place where one of the worst nuclear disasters in history occurred chernobyl. Therefore, i wouldnt exclude pompeii from the list of dark tourism travel destinations, despite the age of the site or how long ago the associated disaster took place. The current flaws and potential benefits of dark tourism. Death, dying and dark tourism in contemporary society.
Tourism management trends and future tutorialspoint. Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark tourism. People all over the world have flocked to visit sites associated with death from ancient religious pilgrimages to today. For him, even the most controversial types of dark tourism, such as disaster tourism, are not necessarily a bad thing. Emotional and educational motives are strongly related to dark tourism as well as seeking ones heritage, in dulging curiosity and searching for nostalgia. Since then, chernobyl became the hottest dark tourism destination, attracting those who want to see the abandoned ghosttown of pripyat, a place that 40,000 people used to call home. Tourist motivations explain the factors in which influence a tourist to travel. Motivations in and development of dark tourism youtube. Building a sustainable and peaceful world through tourism wtm 2016 duration. View impact of dark tourism research papers on academia.
The term dark tourism is far newer than the practice, which long predates pompeiis emergence as a morbid attraction. Criticisms of danns five possible motivations for dark tourism. Motivations for visiting dark locations or shrines are themselves complex and disparate, resulting in a multitude of reasons for engagement with the macabre robinson et al. Among the five motivational factors discovered, the empirical results depict that emotional reaction is the strongest factor of the dark tourism motivation, affecting both cognitive and affective experiences. Therefore the researchers main purpose will be to investigate and establish the foremost reasons behind students motivation to visit dark tourism sites. Towards a typology of death and macabre related tourist sites, attractions and exhibitions deaths, disasters and atrocities in touristic form are becoming an increasingly pervasive feature within the contemporary tourism landscape, and as such, are ever more providing. Dark tourism can closely relate to affect and feed from it. Finally, this research sought to discover if motivation at the museum could shed light on motivation to other sites of dark tourism. Individuals engaged in dark tourism for different purposes, but mainly for education and remembrance purposes. An important part of tourism motivation is that of the behaviour between the guest and host in accordance to pearce 1982 where the encounters between the two are described as.
The main aim of this study is to better understand the motivations and onsite activities of visitors to contemporary dark tourism sites. After the entire city was evacuated in a matter of. The study included analysis of the definition of dark tourism, tourist motivations for this type of tourism, stone s typology of dark destination offers, and a portion is devoted to the role of dark tourism in contemporary society. Understanding visitor motivation at sites of death and disaster. Dark tourism motivation seaton 1999 pointed out the significant differences between visitors participating in dark tourism and the general recreation model which implied that such research on dark tourism was essential. Tourist motivations a theoretical intr oduction to tourism. Also called black tourism for its emphasis on the nefarious or oppressive aspects of historical events or places, dark tourism is one of the many types of tourism that has arisen in the. These attractions are memorials of different kinds where tragedy, death and suffering have occurred. Dark tourism, similar to media tourism can be motivated by a desire to make comparisons between real and imagined landscapes. Eco tourism dissertation topics ecotourism became a travel concept in the late 1980s when there was an increase in environmental awareness globally, and people showed a high interest in visiting natural locations. Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark tourism locations. Behavior, and dark tourism constructs, a new theoretical framework was created to determine the motivations and intentions of tourists visiting dark tourism locations. Presently, dark tourism, or tourism that focuses primarily on death or tragedy, is seldom presented in a way that truly honors or celebrates the lives of victims. Do the benefits of dark tourism outweigh the morbidity maameegate zheng jun cheston tay kai ren eng114 section 1006 university of nevada, las vegas singapore campus do the benefits of dark tourism outweigh the morbidity introduction dark tourism encourages people to reflect on mortality, bringing them closer to death stone, 2010.
Scientific and social relevance the scientific relevance of this research question lies in the fact that the subject of dark tourism is relatively new within the academic field. Understanding motivation of visitors at dark tourism sites core. May 08, 2020 dark tourism is a type of niche tourism in which tourists specifically target destinations or exhibitions highlighting death, morbid suffering or atrocities. Over the past decade, the concept of dark tourism has attracted growing academic interest and media attention. Understanding tourist motivation concerning the term dark tourism with a focus on alcatraz table of content 1. This study provides empirical research to demonstrate and analyze the relationships between four dark tourism constructs i. Jan 21, 20 undoubtedly, theres a fine line between respectful pilgrimage and voyeurism. Understanding tourist motivation and behaviour concerning dark tourism sites 3254 words 14 pages. Motivations for visiting dark locations or shrines are themselves complex and. However, this fascination goes beyond the side of a highway. Dark tourism is a term that seems to carry negative connotations, but in reality, it can be defined as any tourist site that focuses mainly on death, tragedy, or disaster. The case of fritzl offers a fascinating and recent case to go more indepth into the motivations of dark tourists. Dark tourism, also called as grief tourism or black tourism is a type of tourism that involves travelling to places that are historically associated with tragedy and death.
We show how debates around dark tourism terminology and taxonomies, in most cases underlie considerations on felt, a. A total of 1068 usable questionnaires were sampled using qualtrics panels data collection service for. Education is listed as another important push motivation. Motivations behind traveling to dark tourism destinations.
The effects of motivation and environmental attitudes on the benefits of experience. Nevertheless, perspectives on and understanding of dark tourism remain varied and theoretically fragile while, to date, no single book has attempted to draw together the conceptual themes and debates surrounding dark tourism, to explore it within wider disciplinary contexts and to. The empirical results show that the higher dark tourism motivation could enhance the visitors environmental attitudes towards dark relics and further affect the. With the increased improvements in technology, tourists and people can have an insight and be introduced to dark tourism stone, 2006. Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark tourism locations by. The study of dark tourism motivations is still in its early stages.
Using a qualitative and interpretative mixedmethod approach, this study traces the dark tourism motivations related to blackpackers and fans of the musical performance art known as black metal. Article submissions are invited for current issues in dark tourism research. To do so, we frame dark tourism within theories of a. Enlightening dark tourism in nepal unt digital library. Motivation factors in dark tourism 274 words bartleby. Dark tourism, motivation, memorial park, push and pull, tourist gaze, visitor. Tourism is a complex phenomenon involving a wide range of people, increasingly seeking for new and unique experiences in order to satisfy the most diverse motives, reason why the world tourism landscape has been changing in the last decades. In the overall catalogue of dark destinations, most are indeed related to the 20th century or, such as in the case of. Understanding motivation of visitors at dark tourism sites. Oct 07, 2015 building a sustainable and peaceful world through tourism wtm 2016 duration. This paper examines dark tourism consumption motivations. Understanding motivation and perception at two dark tourism. The attraction of death and disaster article pdf available in annals of tourism research 294. Based on these literatures, this study can conclude that the dark tourism is a complex phenomenon.
Dark tourism the effects of motivation and environmental. Tazim jamal people are fascinated with death and disaster. Ecotourism dissertation topics ecotourism became a travel concept in the late 1980s when there was an increase in environmental awareness globally, and people showed a high interest in visiting natural locations. Dark tourism is an increasingly popular research topic for the tourism industry, however it has been lacking in empirical research contribution. As a result, many sites that make an effort to educate visitors incorrectly escape the label of dark tourism. Dark tourism is the act of travel and visitation to sites, attractions and exhibitions which have real or recreated death, suffering or the seemingly macabre as a main theme. There are different categories of dark tourism grave tourism, holocaust tourism, genocide tourism, cold war and iron curtain tourism, communism tourism, disaster area. We dont want to be just about dark tourism, we also want to show off bethlehems assets and its 4,000year history. Tourists perception of dark tourism and its impact on.
Tourists perception of dark tourism and its impact on their. Pdf motivation factors in dark tourism ruhaiza eza. Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research. It is evident that educational and memorial purposes comprised of the majority of dark tourism motivation. The current flaws and potential benefits of dark tourism by. The aim of this paper is to gain an understanding of how historical views and consciousness influence the motivation for visiting dark tourism sites and the way the sites are absorbed. Many dark tourism attractions are aimed at educating people about the past, such as the. A total of 1068 usable questionnaires were sampled using qualtrics panels data collection service for data analysis purposes. Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark.